Lesson 45 A clear conscience 问心无愧

First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How did Sam get his money back?

英式发音：

美式发音：

The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, but it was not returned to him. Three months passed, and then one morning, Sam found his wallet outside his front door. It had been wrapped up in newspaper and it contained half the money he had lost, together with a note which said:‘A thief, yes, but only 50  per cent a thief!’Two months later, some more money was sent to Sam with another note:‘Only 25  per cent a thief now!’In time, all Sam's  money was paid back in this way. The last note said:‘I am 100  per cent honest now!’

New words and expressions 生词和短语
 
clear (title) /kliə/ adj．无罪的，不亏心的
savings (1.3)/'seiviŋz/ n．存款
conscience (title)/'kɔnʃəns/ n．良心，道德心
villager (1.4)/'vilidʒə/ n．村民
wallet (1.2)/'wɔlit/n．皮夹，钱夹
per cent (1.8)/p'əsent/百分之……

Notes on the text课文注释
 
1  Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office.当地的屠户萨姆·本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了。其中的 while taking his savings是现在分词用于连词之后，与表示时间的状语从句 while he was taking his savings作用是一致的。
2  the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers, 钱包肯定是被某个村民捡到了。 must在这里表示推测，由于是对过去的推测，因此must之后的动词要用完成形式。
3  in time, 最后，终于。

参考译文
 
整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。当地的屠户萨姆·本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了。萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了，可是却不见有人来送还给他。3个月过去了，后来在一天早晨，萨姆在自己的大门外发现了他的钱包。钱包是用报纸包着的，里面有他丢失的钱的一半，而且还附着一张纸条，上面写着：“一个小偷，是的，但只是一个50％的小偷！”又过了两个月，又有一些钱送还给了萨姆，又附了一张字条：“这回只是 25％的小偷了！”很快，萨姆全部的钱都用同样的方式还了回来。最后的那张字条上写道：“我现在是一个100％的诚实人了！”

　　自学导读
1．A clear conscience, （标题）问心无愧。
clear在这里的含义为“清白的”、“无罪的”，因此这个短语又可译为“清白的良心”，相当于 a good conscience，反义词为 a bad conscience（感到内疚）。
2．The whole village soon learnt that a large sum of money had been lost. 整个村子很快知道，有一大笔钱丢失了。
（1）village在这里为总称，指“村民”，the whole village指“全村的人”，后面通常跟单数动词（有时也可视为复数）：
The whole village was excited by the news.
这消息使全村的人兴奋。
（2）learn在句中的含义为“获悉”、“得知”：
I've just learnt that she was ill.
我刚刚得知她病了。
3．Sam Benton, the local butcher, had lost his wallet while taking his savings to the post office. 当地的屠户萨姆·本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了。
taking为现在分词。与动名词相似，它也可以有自己的宾语、状语等。在连词while之后，现在分词短语的作用相当于一个时间状语从句：…while he was taking his savings to the post office。现在分词这样用的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个，并且这两个动作通常是同时发生的：
He listened to music while cleaning the room.
他一边打扫房间一边听音乐。
如果是主语不一致则必须用从句：
He listened to music while I was cleaning the room.
我打扫房间时，他在听音乐。
4．Sam was sure that the wallet must have been found by one of the villagers…萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了……
must用于对过去已发生的事进行推测时，后面的动词要用完成式：
When I arrived, he wasn't here. He must have left early.
我到这儿的时候他已不在了。他一定早走了。
5．it contained half the money he had lost, 里面有他丢失的钱的一半。
我们既可以说 half the money，也可以说 half of the money，它们可以互相替代，但是money前都必须有the，因为是指特定的钱。再如：
Half the bread/ half of the bread was bad.
这面包有一半已变质了。
6．In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. 很快，萨姆全部的钱都用同样的方式还了回来。
（1）in time可以表示“经过一段时间”或“最终”、“迟早”：
In time, he found all the books he needed.
一段时间以后，他找到了他需要的所有书。
I'll tell you everything in time.
我最终／总有一天会把一切都告诉你的。
（2）in this way表示“用这样的方式”：
You must pay attention to your spelling. In this way, you can become a good secretary in time.
你必须注意你的拼写。这样你才能最终成为一个好秘书。

　　语法 Grammar in use
被动语态（4）
在第10课、第21课与第34课的语法中，我们学习了用于一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时中的被动语态、情态助动词与被动语态的连用以及动词+宾语+不定式结构中被动语态的使用等：
That table was made in 1970(by my grandfather).
那张桌子是1970年（由我的祖父）做的。
The rooms must be cleaned today.
这些房间今天必须要打扫干净。
John has been told not to go for a walk when the weather's like this.
约翰已被告知不要在这种天气出去散步。
I never expected the thief to be arrested.
我从没有指望小偷会被逮着。
表示过去发生的动作时，被动语态还可以用于过去完成时；用于完成时的被动语态也可以与情态助动词连用：

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．steal与rob
steal指“偷盗”、“窃取”，其行为通常是偷偷地、悄悄地、不为别人所发觉；rob则指“抢夺”、“抢劫”，其行为通常是明目张胆的：
The man who stole my wallet took my address book as well.
偷走我钱包的那个人把我的通讯录也拿走了。
I lost my address book when that man robbed me of my bag.
当那人抢走我的包时，我的通讯录也没了。
Someone has stolen my bag from me.
有人把我的包偷走了。
They took the risk of being arrested and robbed the bank.
他们冒着被逮捕的危险抢劫了那家银行。
注意 steal和 rob与介词的不同搭配：steal(sth.) from(sb./ some place)， rob(sb.) of(sth.)。
2．pay back
（1）偿还：
All Sam's money was paid back in this way.
萨姆全部的钱都用这样的方式还了回来。
Yesterday Sam borrowed some money from me and said that he would pay me back in a week.
昨天萨姆从我这里借了些钱，并说一周后还我。
（2）报答；向……报复：
You've been very kind to me. How can I pay you back?
你对我太好了。我如何报答你呢？
He embarrassed me at the party. I'll pay him back someday.
在晚会上他让我难堪了。总有一天我会报复他的。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A had been lost(11.1-2); must have been found(11.3-4); was not returned(1.4); had been wrapped(1.6); was sent (1.9); was paid back(1.10)
C 1 A meal has been prepared for you.
2 The book will be translated into English.
3 A telegram must be sent to him.
4 The fire had been put out before the fire brigade arrived.
5 The cat was given some milk to drink.
2．难点练习答案
1 back  2 robbed… stole  3 back  4 stole  5 robbed
3．多项选择题答案
1 b  2 d  3 a  4 b  5 b  6 d
7 c  8 b  9 c  10 b  11 d  12 b
learn得知
the whole world learn...全世界都知道
while doing是一个省略形式
这种情况应具备两个条件
1、这个动作的主语跟主句的主语一样
2、这句话一定要是进行时态
这句话完整的应为
while he was taking...
must have been done
must have done 表示对过去的推测
must have been done 是表示对过去被动的推测
三种表示一段时间以后，另外一件事情发生的方式
1、...passed and then
2、some time later
3、some passed before
wrap up 包裹
it had been wrapped up in newspaper by somebody
half the money钱的一半
half an hour半个小时
half a year半年
together with＝with介词短语作状语，表示随他一起的还有
i with my son went there我带着我的儿子去了那
my som and i went there。
the picture said...图片上说
Newspaper said...报纸上说
Note said...纸条上说
some more money又有一些钱
in time＝in the end 最终
pay back还回来
...per cent作副词
structure
no。3
while doing两者同时发生
while sb was doing当......的时候
能用while；as的地方就可以用when，反之则不一定
A
when 后的时间表达式既可以是点，也可以是段
while后的时间表达只可以是段
as 等同于while
no.7
send ＝ take/give
send/take/give sb sth
双宾语一般用离动词最近的宾语来做被动态的主语
sb be sent sth
send sth to sb
sth be sent to sb
no.6
对名词的提问用what
no.10
contain/container
include指一种抽象的包含
no.12
a time一段时间
for a long time
after a time＝after some time