Lesson 46 Expensive and uncomfortable 即昂贵又受罪

First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What did the man in this story do?

英式发音：

美式发音：

When a plane from London arrived at Sydney airport, workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing. No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. He was astonished at what he found. A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woollen goods. He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. After he was arrested,the man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London. He had had a long and uncomfortable trip, for he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours. The man was ordered to pay ￡3,500  for the cost of the trip. The normal price of a ticket is ￡2,000!

New words and expressions 生词和短语
 
unload(1.2) /ʌn'ləud/ v．卸(货)
wooden(1.2) /'wudn/adj. 木制的
goods (1.6)/guds/n. (常用复数)货物，商品
extremely(1.3)/ik'stri:mli/adv．非常，极其
discover(1．7)/dis'kʌvə/v．发现
occur(1.4)/ə'kə:/v．发生
admit(1.8)/əd'mit/v. 承认
astonish(1.5)/ə'stɔniʃ/v. 使惊讶
confine(1.9)/kən'fain/v. 关在(一个狭小的空间里)
pile(1.6)/pail／n. 堆
woollen(1.6)/'wulən/ n. 羊毛的
normal (1.10)/'nɔ:məl/ adj. 正常的，通常的
 
Notes on the text 课文注释
 
1  a number of, 许多。
2  No one could account for the fact that…, 谁也弄不清……这样一个事实。account for 有“说明原因”的意思；that后面的从句用来进一步说明这个“事实”本身，在语法上称作同位语。
3  It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. 突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看。occur to可译作“想起”。在这句话中， it是先行词，主语是动词不定式 to open up the box。
4  He was astonished at what he found. 看到的情景使他吃惊。在这句话中 what引导的名词性从句作介词 at的宾语，其中what相当于 the thing which。
5  on top of，在……之上。
6  He was so surprised at being discovered that he did not even try to run away. 他由于被发现而感到非常吃惊，甚至都没有企图逃跑。这句话的主要句型仍为 so… that…。动名词短语 being discovered是介词 at的宾语，由于是被动语态，因此要用动词 be加上-ing的形式。
7  the man admitted hiding in the box, 这个人承认藏在箱子里。在这句话中动名词 hiding作动词 admit的宾语。
 
参考译文

当一架来自伦敦的飞机抵达悉尼机场时，工人们开始卸下装有服装的一批木箱。其中有只箱子特别重，可谁也弄不清是怎么回事。突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看。看到的情景使他吃惊，箱内有一个人正躺在一堆毛织品之上。他由于被人发现而感到非常吃惊，甚至都没有企图逃跑。此人被逮捕后，承认他是在飞机离开伦敦前躲进箱里的。他经历了一次漫长而又难受的旅程，因为他在那木箱里闷了18个多小时。此人被责令交付旅费3,500英镑，而正常票价是2,000英镑！

　　自学导读
1．…workers began to unload a number of wooden boxes which contained clothing.……工人们开始卸下装有服装的一批木箱。
（1）unload的含义为“卸（货）”，它的反义词为load（装货）。与形容词 uncomfortable, unsmiling等相似，有些动词加前缀un可以表示做相反的动作。
（2）a number of为固定词组，表示“若干”、“许多”：
You've made a number of mistakes in typing this letter.
你打这封信时出了不少错误。
（3）clothing是服装的总称，为不可数名词，其含义比clothes更为广泛。clothes一般指衣服，clothing则可以包括鞋、帽等。
2．No one could account for the fact that one of the boxes was extremely heavy. 其中有只箱子特别重，可谁也弄不清是怎么回事。
（1）短语动词 account for的含义为“说明理由”、“作出说明（或解释）”：
The bad weather in England accounts for Harrison's decision to leave the country.
英国糟糕的气候是哈里森决定离开这个国家的原因。
How do you account for the battered car?
你如何解释这撞坏的车？
（2）that后面的从句为fact的同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容：
He couldn't explain the fact that Mary's wallet was found in his room.
他无法解释玛丽的钱包是在他房间里找到的这一事实。
3．It suddenly occurred to one of the workers to open up the box. 突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看。
（1）表示某人想起某事时，要用 sth. occurred to sb. 这个结构，主语为事，而不是人。
（2）it在句中为先行主语，代替不定式 to open up the box。
（3）open up的含义之一是“打开”：
open up boxes／gifts 打开箱子／礼物
When he received the gifts, he opened them up at once.
他收到礼物后立刻就打开了。
4．He was astonished at what he found. 看到的情景使他吃惊。
表示某事使／让某人吃惊通常用sb. is/ are/ was/ were…astonished at sth.：
Sam appears astonished at the news/ the sound.
这消息／声音似乎使萨姆吃了一惊。
5．on top of, 在……上面。
She put the bread on top of a pile of other goods.
她把面包放在一堆其他货物上面。
6．…he had been confined to the wooden box for over eighteen hours. ……他在那木箱里闷了十八个多小时。
confine表示“把……限制起来”，通常与介词to连用：
Last weekend, Tom's mother confined him to his room.
上个周末，汤姆的妈妈把汤姆关在了房间里。
7．The man was ordered to pay ￡3, 500 for the cost of the trip. 此人被责令交付旅费3,500英镑。
pay for表示“为……支付货款”、“为……付出代价”：
She paid ￡ 50 for that dress.
她买那件衣服花了50英镑。

　　语法 Grammar in use
与to，at，for和 with连用的动词
在第22课的语法中，我们学习了后面可跟 of，from，in和 on 的动词，如 borrow，believe，dream，think，write，decide等。有些动词可以跟to，at，for和with连用，不过这些介词不一定是惟一和这些动词连用的小品词。
（1）与to 连用的动词
It never occurred to them that a man had confined himself to one of the wooden boxes.
他们从来没想到有一个人会把自己关在其中的一个木箱里。
I prefer listening to music to reading newspapers.
我宁愿听音乐而不愿看报纸。
This car belongs to Sam. It's not mine.
这汽车是萨姆的，不是我的。
Will you see to this flower while I'm away?
我不在的时候你照看一下这花好吗？
He used to turn to me for help.
他过去常向我求助。
（2）与at连用的动词
at通常用于表达感情的一些词之后，并且这些词往往用被动语态：
Dan was both surprised and amused at the news.
这消息既使丹感到惊奇又使他感到好笑。
He was astonished at what he found.
发现的情况使他吃了一惊。
at也可以用于其他动词之后（一般为主动语态）：
What are you looking at?
你在看什么？
When I arrived at the station, the train had already left.
当我到达火车站时，那列火车已开走了。
A beggar knocked at the door.
一个乞丐在敲门。
（3）与for连用的动词
I'm looking for my pen.
我在找我的钢笔。
He was searched for the stolen money.
他被搜了身，看看有没有被盗走的那笔钱。
He's already been punished for his mistake.
他已因为所犯的错误而受到了惩罚。
John paid for the dinner.
约翰付了饭钱。
Can you account for his strange behaviour?
你能解释他的古怪行为吗？
A child is calling for help.
有个孩子在大声呼救。
（4）与with连用的动词
Tom often quarrels with his brother.
汤姆经常和他兄弟吵架。
Don't play with fire!
不要玩火！
I'm pleased with this room.
我对这房间满意。
Sam used to mix with those people.
萨姆过去常与那些人交往。
We'll begin with the exercises.
我们从练习开始。

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．occur vi.
（1）发生
（2）被想起，被想到：
It never occurred to me that he could be a thief.
我从没有想到他会是个小偷。
A good idea occurred to Jane while she was talking to Mary.
简与玛丽谈话时想到了一个好主意。
It suddenly occurred to him to open up the box.
他突然想到打开箱子看看。
2．admit vt.
（1）承认，供认：
The man admitted hiding in the box before the plane left London.
那人承认他是在飞机离开伦敦前躲进箱子里的。
Sally admitted that she had used your dictionary.
萨莉承认她用过你的字典。
（2）准许……进入，准许……加入：
Without a ticket you won't be admitted into a cinema.
没票你就不能进电影院。
They won't admit him into/ to the government.
他们不让他进入政府工作。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A arrived at Sydney(1.1); could account for the fact (1.3);occurred to one(1.4); was astonished at what(1.5); was so surprised at being(11.6-7); had been confined to the wooden box(1.9); pay ￡ 3,500 for the cost(1.10)
B 1 with              2 to…for             3 with       4 for
5 to                 6 at 7 to               8 to
9 for               10 to…at             11 at         12 with
13 with           14 to…for           15 for       16 for
17 with           18 for                  19 at         20 with
21 to               22 with              23 at         24 to
25 with…to     26 to…with         27 for       28 to…to
29 for             30 to                   31 for       32 to
33 to…with     34 for                  35 to         36 to
37 at               38 at                   39 with     40 for
2．多项选择题答案
1 a  2 c  3 d  4 d  5 a  6 c
7 b  8 c  9 a  10 d  11 c  12 a

　　课堂笔记
occur to sb
it occur to sb to do sth/that......
clothing/clothes
clothing在分类时强调衣服这一种类
clothes表示“衣服”的单数名词的复数形式
no one could.....没人能
no one knows.....没人知道
account fo：explain解释（令人满意的）
give the explanation
一个句子跟在一个名词后，可以是：
1、定语从句
2、同位语从句
my friend Lucy
i know the fact that he doesn't know
i do know the fact that he doesn't know
1、同位语从句后的that是起解释说明的作用
而定语从句是起修饰的作用
2、that在从句中做主语或宾语成分，则是定语从句
that在从句中不能做主语或宾语成分，则是同位语从句
be astonished at对某件事吃惊
be surprised at对某件事吃惊
what＝the thing that
on top of在......上面
a pile of一堆
piles of snow
at the top of/on top of
on top of 与顶端有接触
at the top of在.....上方（at the top of 之前的词属于其之后的词的范围之内
admit doing sth
be confined to
over：more than
pay......for......为......付钱
pay付钱
cost of......的花费
the cost of government政府开支
it is too expensive!（表示贵得不可接受）
dear昂贵的（可以接受）
have a trip
go on a trip
2、because后面加原因
to后面加目的
avoid后面一定要加doing避免做某事
fare车费，乘坐的交通工具的费用
4、a、the wooden （adj）木头的
b、the wood木头
表示木头制的东西用wooden
key structures
固定搭配,在一部分动词后面加to，at，for，with
a to:accustom(ed),amount,appeal,apply(or for),accach(ed),attend,belong,challenge,compare(or
with),condemn(ed),confess,confine,consent,convert,entitle(d),listen,metion,object,occur,prefer,react(or
against),reply,respond,see,submit,surrender,turn,yield
与to连用：习惯于，达到，呼吁，适用于，附属于，参加，属于，向......提出挑战，比较
判刑， 承认， 限制， 同意， 改信(某宗教)，享有权利，听，提到，反对，想到，更喜欢，对......反应
回答， 响应，注意，服从于，向......投降，转向，屈服
b AT:amuse, arrive(or in), astonish(ed)(or by),exclaim, glance, guess, knock
look, point(or to), sh