Lesson 42 Modern cavemen 现代洞穴人

Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
With what does the writer compare the Gouffre Berger?

    英式发音：

    美式发音：

Cave exploration, or pot-holing, as it has come to be known, is a relatively new sport. Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures people down to the depths of the earth. It is impossible to give a satisfactory explanation for a pot-holer's motives. For him, caves have the same peculiar fascination which high mountains have for the climber. They arouse instincts which can only be dimly understood.

Exploring really deep caves is not a task for the Sunday afternoon rambler. Such undertakings require the precise planning and foresight of military operations. It can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave. Precautions of thissort are necessary, for it is impossible to foretell the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront the pot-holer. The deepest known cave in the world is the Gouffre Berger near Grenoble. It extends to a depth of 3, 723 feet. This immense chasm has been formed by an underground stream which has tunnelled a course through a flaw in the rocks. The entrance to the cave is on a plateau in the Dauphiné Alps. As it is only six feet across, it is barely noticeable. The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by the distinguished French pot-holer, Berger. Since its discovery, it has become a sort of potholers' Everest. Though a number of descents have been made, much of it still remains to be explored.

A team of pot-holers recently went down the Gouffre Berger. After entering the narrow gap on the plateau, they climbed down the steep sides of the, cave until they came to a narrow corridor. They had to edge their way along this, sometimes wading across shallow streams, or swimming across deep pools. Suddenlythey came to a waterfall which dropped into an underground lake at the bottom of the cave. They plunged into the lake, and after loading their gear on an inflatable rubber dinghy, let the current carry them to the other side. To protect themselves from the icy water, they had to wear special rubber suits. At the far end of the. lake, they came to huge piles of rubble which had been washed up by the water. In this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small waterspout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave. Squeezing through a cleft in the rocks, the pot-holers arrived at an enormous cavern, the size of a huge concert hall. After switching on powerful arc lights, they saw great stalagmites ---- some of them over forty feet high ---- rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof. Round about, piles of limestone glistened in all the colours of the rainbow. In the eerie silence of the cavern, the only sound that could be heard was made by water which dripped continuously from thehigh dome above them.

New Words and Expressions 生词和短语

caveman(title)/'keeivmæn/n. （远古）洞穴人
wade(1. 20)/weid/v. 涉水，蹚水
pot-holing(1. 1)/'pɔt-'həuliŋ/n. 洞穴探险，洞穴探险运动
waterfall(1. 21)/'wɔ:təfɔ:/n. 瀑布
gear(1. 22)/giə/ n. 一套用具
solitude(1. 2)/'sɔlitju:d/ n. 孤独，寂寞
inflatable(1. 22)/in'fleitəbəl/adj. 可充气的
lure(1. 3)/luə/v. 引诱，诱惑
rubble(1. 24)/'rʌbəl/n. 碎瓦，瓦块
pot-holer (1. 5)/'pɔt-həulə/n. 洞穴探险者
insistent(1. 25) /in'sistənt/adj. 连续的，不断的
rambler(1. 8）/'ræmblə/n. 漫步者，散步者
boom(1. 25)/bu:m/v. 轰响
undertaking(1. 8)/'ʌndə'teikiŋ/n. 任务，工作
waterspout(1. 25)/'wɔ:təspaut/n. 强大的水柱
foresight(1. 9)/'fɔ:sait/ n. 预见；深谋远虑
cleft(1. 26)/kleft/n. 裂隙，开口
foretell(1. 11)/fɔ:'tel/ (foretold/fɔ:'təuld/, foretold)v. 预言
cavern(1. 27)/'kævən/n. 大洞穴
stalagmite(1. 28)/'stæləgmait/n. 石笋
Grenoble(1. 12)/gri'nəubl/n. 格里诺布尔
stalactite(1. 28)/'stæləktait/n. 钟乳石
chasm(1. 13)/'kæzəm/n. 断层，裂口，陷坑
limestone(1. 29)/'laimstəun/n. 石灰石
flaw(1. 14)/flɔ:/n. 小裂缝
glisten(1. 29)/'glisən/v. 闪烁
distinguished(1. 16)/di'stiŋgwiʃt/adj. 杰出的，著名的
eerie(1. 29)/'iəri/adj. 引起恐惧的，可怕的
Everest(1. 17)/'evərist/n. 珠穆朗玛峰
dome(1. 31)/dəum/n. 穹窿，圆顶

Notes on the text 课文注释

1 as it has come to be known, 正如已逐渐为人所了解的那样，此处作插入语。
2 it is the desire… or the chance… that…这是强调句式，被强调的部分是句子的主语the desire… or the chance…
3 rig up, 装配，搭起。
4 Grenoble, 格里诺布尔，是法国东南部伊泽尔河上的一座大城镇，尤以它的大学而著称。
5 The cave might never have been discovered had not the entrance been spotted by…如果不是……偶然发现这个洞口的话，这个洞也许永远不会为人所知。这是表示与过去事实不相符的虚拟语气结构，句中的非真实条件句 had not the entrance been spotted by…由于省略了if, 因此要用倒装句式。
6 edge one's way, 此处作“侧身徐徐向前移动”讲。
7 which they found was caused…of the cave.
which was caused…of the cave是定语从句，修饰 sound; they found此处作插入语。 shooting down… of the cave是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 waterspout。

参考译文

洞穴勘查——或洞穴勘探——是一项比较新的体育活动。寻求独居独处的愿望或寻求意外发现机会的欲望吸引着人们来到地下深处。要想对洞穴探险者的动机作出满意的解释是不可能的。对洞穴探险者来说，洞穴有一种特殊的魅力，就像高山对于登山者有特殊的魅力一样。为什么洞穴能引发人的那种探险本能，人们对此只能有一种模模糊糊的理解。

探测非常深的洞穴不是那些在星期日下午漫步的人所能胜任的。这种活动需要有军事行动般的周密布署和预见能力。有时需要花费整整8天时间来搭起绳梯，建立供应基地，然后才能下到一个很深的洞穴里。作出这样的准备是必要的，因为无法预见到洞穴探险者究竟会遇到什么性质的困难。世界上最深的洞穴是格里诺布尔附近的高弗·伯杰洞，深达3，723英尺。这个深邃的洞穴是由一条地下暗泉冲刷岩石中的缝隙并使之慢慢变大而形成的。此洞的洞口在丹芬阿尔卑斯山的高原上，仅6英尺宽，很难被人发现。若不是法国著名洞穴探险家伯杰由于偶然的机会发现了这个洞口的话，这个洞也许永远不会为人所知。自从被发现以后，这个洞成了洞穴探险者的珠穆朗玛峰，人们多次进入洞内探险，但至今尚有不少东西有待勘探。

最近，一队洞穴探险者下到了高弗·伯杰洞里。他们从高原上的窄缝进去，顺着笔直陡峭的洞壁往下爬，来到了一条狭窄的走廊上。他们不得不侧着身子往前走，有时蹚过浅溪，有时游过深潭。突然，他们来到一道瀑布前，那瀑布奔泻而下，注入洞底一处地下湖里。他们跳入湖中，把各种器具装上一只充气橡皮艇，听任水流将他们带往对岸。湖水冰冷刺骨，他们必须穿上一种特制的橡皮服以保护自己。在湖的尽头，他们见到一大堆一大堆由湖水冲刷上岸的碎石。在这儿，他们可以听见一种连续不断的轰鸣声。后来他们发现这是由山洞顶部的一个小孔里喷出的水柱跌落到水潭中时发出的声音。洞穴探险者从岩石缝里挤身过去，来到一个巨大的洞里，其大小相当于一个音乐厅。他们打开强力弧光灯，看见一株株巨大的石笋，有的高达40英尺，像树干似地向上长着，与洞顶悬挂下来的钟乳石相接。周围是一堆堆石灰石，像彩虹一样闪闪发光。洞里有一种可怕的寂静，唯一可以听见的声响是高高的圆顶上不间断地滴水的嘀嗒声。

　　自学导读
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．…we stopped at a square to have a rest.……我们在一个广场上停下来休息。
stop 后面跟不定式时，表示停下其他活动去做不定式表示的动作：
On the way to the station, I stopped to buy a paper.
在去车站的路上，我停下来买了张报纸。
stop后面如果跟动名词形式，则表示停止该动作：
I've stopped buying newspapers
我已不再买报纸了。
How can we stop him complaining?
我们如何才能让他不抱怨呢？
2．after a time, 过了一会儿，不久以后。
time在这里表示“（一段）时间”：
He lived abroad for a long time.
他在国外生活了很长时间。
I saw him a short time ago.
我刚才还看见他了。
After a time, the dog stopped following me.
过了一会儿，那条狗便不再跟着我了。
3．…we had our first glimpse of the snake. ……我们才第一次看到了那条蛇。
glimpse表示“一瞥”、“一看”，是可数名词，常用于下列短语中：
have/ get a glimpse of, catch a glimpse of, take a glimpse at:
He took a glimpse at the‘No Parking’signs outside Jasper's gate and parked his car there.
他瞥了一眼贾斯珀家大门外边的那些“禁止停车”的牌子，
然后把车停在了那里。（有意识的、短暂的动作）
This afternoon I caught／got／had a glimpse of Debbie and Dan walking together in the park.
今天下午我瞥见黛比和丹一起在公园里散步。（无意的、短暂的动作）
4．It obviously could not tell the difference between Indian music and jazz! 显然，它分辨不出印度音乐和爵士乐！
（1）tell表示“辨别”、“分辨”、“识别”时常与 can，could，be able to连用。表达这些意义时，tell可以单独使用，也可以与from构成词组：
（2）表示两者之间的“差别”、“差异”时常用 difference between：
What's the difference between them?
他／它们之间有何区别？
There's a lot of difference between Englishmen and Frenchmen.
英国人和法国人之间有许多差别。
在有些情况下也可以不跟 between：
It makes no difference whether you believe me or not.
你信不信我区别不大／都无所谓。

　　语法 Grammar in use
have +名词代替普通动词
在第18课的语法中，我们学习了完全动词have的一些用法，知道它既可以表示“具有”、“拥有”，又可以表示 eat, drink, enjoy, take等含义：
I have(got) a new car.
我有辆新汽车。
Have a good time!
祝你（们）玩得开心！
have的另一种用法是 have+名词代替普通动词表示“完成该动作”：
类似的动词还有dance, fight, look, rest, ride, talk, sleep, swim, wash等。一般完全动词的用法也适用于have：
Jim and I have just had a long talk.
我和吉姆刚进行过一次长谈。
I must have a wash before lunch.
午饭前我得洗一洗。（情态动词+have）
I had two dances with Lucy.
我和露西跳了两次舞。（可用复数形式）

　　词汇学习 Word study
1．market n.
（1）市场，集市：
We had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi.
我们穿过旧德里的一个市场时走了很长一段路。
I just came from a fruit market.
我刚从一个水果市场来。
（2）（商品的）市场，销路，需求：
The foreign markets for apples this year are not as good as last year.
今年苹果的海外市场不如去年。
Can you find a market for these shoes?
你能给这些鞋找到销路吗？
2．动词pick的一些短语
（1）pick up有许多含义。它既可以表示“拿起”、“捡起”，也可以表示“意外地找到”、“（偶然地）学会”、“开车去接”等：
He picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins.
他拿起了一个长长的、上面镶有硬币的管乐器。
Tommy picked up two small coins and swallowed them.
汤米捡起两枚小硬币并把它们吞了下去。
The bicycle was picked up in a small village.
那辆自行车是在一个小村子里发现的。（意外地找到）
Didn't you pick up any Chinese while you were in China?
你在中国期间没学会几句汉语吗？
Where shall I pick you up, at your office or at your house?
我去哪里接你，你办公室还是你家？
Pick me up at  8 o'clock.
8点钟开车来接我。
（2）pick out可以表示“挑出”、“选出”、“辨认出”等含义：
Look at these photos and see if you can pick out my mother.
仔细看这些相片，看看（你）能否认出我母亲。
The thief was picked out by several people.
几个人认出了那个小偷。
When I went to the bookshop yesterday, I picked out two of the books which I needed most.
昨天我去书店时，买／挑了两本我最需要的书。

　　练习答案 Key to written exercises
1．关键句型练习答案
A 1 had had a long walk(1.1)         2 have a rest(1.2)
3 to have a look(1.4)                4 had our first glimpse(1.6)
B 1 had a ride                              2 was having a look
3 had a wash                           4 had a swim
5 had a fight                            6 have had a quarrel
7 had another try                      8 having a rest
9 have a smoke                        10 have a good sleep
2．难点练习答案
1 pick it up  2 pick up  3 pick out  4 pick up
3．多项选择题答案
1 d  2 d  3 d  4 b  5 b  6 c
7 d  8 d  9 a  10 c  11d  12 a

　　课堂笔记
have a walk/rest/lock
have a ＋名词，这个名词可以与动词同行的
have a swim/bath
have a bath＝bathe，have a swim＝swim
have a walk ＝ walk
have a look ＝ look
have a rest ＝ rest
have a +名词＝动词
一个动词的后面加介词（如果这个动词是不及物动词），这个动词后面加什么样的介词，
名词也可以加什么样的介词
look at－》have a look at；walk across－》have a walk across
succeed in doing sth－》be successful in－》succeed in
to 放在一个句子的后面起目的作用
at the other side of
be vovered with：盖满
play a tune（可数名词）
tune，可数名词；music，不可数名词
have a（first） glimpse of
at the first sight
i love you at the first sight of you
rise：升，vi
raise：提高，vt
follow the movements of the pipe
obviously更习惯放句首
pick：采摘，pick apples
pick up拣起
pick sb up：接某人（顺路），meet sb＋地点，专程接
pick up a lot of english＝learn a lot of english
pick out：挑出来
pick up the radio program（the program on the radio）在广播上收听节目
exercise
2...——————。
by doing...通过做某事，通过某种方式
by train 乘火车
by the river沿着河边
be the end of...到......时候为止
i show him my respect by sending him flowers
3...________...
so as to...为了，表示目的
to不定式做状语表目的
in order 在秩序中，有秩序的，有次序的，整洁的，整齐的
keep your room in order
in order to＋v为了
in order that＋从句：为了
7...it_______
might not可能不
may not可能不
must not不准
be not able to不可能
语法精髓：Nouns
1、julie went to the_____ to buy a pair of shoes
a）shoes store b）shoe's store
c）shoe store d）shoe's store answer： c
表示类别的商店，用单数名词修饰
2、as a safety precaution，all city cab drivers carry
only enough money to make change for a_____bill。
a）ten－dollar b）ten－dollars
c）tens－dollar d）ten－dollar's
answer：a
cab drivers＝taxi drivers
bill纸币
有连字符连接的单词没有复数，连字符单词做定语
3、recently，he has lost all his_____at cards。
a）wage and saving b）wages and saving
c）wage and savings d）wages and savings
wage薪水和saving积蓄，两种不同概念
answer：d
4、i want______.
a）a dollar worth candy b）candy a dollar's worth
c）a dol　　lar's worth of candy d）a dollar worth's candy
a dollar's worth of n
answer：c
5、the surroundings a child grows up in usually___an effect
on his development
a）have b）had c）do d）had
have an effect on对......有效果
grow up 成长
in 连接作用
the surroundings做主语
a child grows up定语从句
answer：a